The Logic of Scientific Discovery by Karl Popper (1959) — Falsificationism as the demarcation of science. Foundational epistemology. (copyrighted)
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn (1962) — Paradigm shifts. Changed how we understand how science actually works. (copyrighted)
Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman (2011) — System 1 vs System 2. The cognitive bias bible. (copyrighted)
Rationality: From AI to Zombies by Eliezer Yudkowsky (2015) — LessWrong sequences collected. Bayesian epistemology applied everywhere. PDF
Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction by Philip Tetlock & Dan Gardner (2015) — What actually makes people good at predicting the future. (copyrighted)
The Scout Mindset by Julia Galef (2021) — Soldier vs scout mindset. Practical applied rationality. (copyrighted)
The Art of Doing Science and Engineering by Richard Hamming (1997) — How to do great work. Hamming's lifetime of meta-level wisdom. (copyrighted)
Against Method by Paul Feyerabend (1975) — Epistemological anarchism. The strongest critique of scientific method. (copyrighted)
The Black Swan by Nassim Nicholas Taleb (2007) — Rare events, fat tails, and the limits of prediction. (copyrighted)
Good and Real by Gary Drescher (2006) — Demystifying paradoxes from physics to ethics. LessWrong favorite. (copyrighted)
Consciousness Explained by Daniel C. Dennett (1991) — Multiple drafts model of consciousness. Anti-qualia manifesto. (copyrighted)
Logicomix: An Epic Search for Truth by Doxiadis & Papadimitriou (2009) — Russell's quest for logical foundations, told as a graphic novel. (copyrighted)